The Two Treaties; or, Hope for Jerusalem
Date: 2016-08-03T00:00:00+00:00
Keywords: Second Advent; Bible -- Prophecies

The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Two Treaties; or, Hope for Jerusalem

This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

Title: The Two Treaties; or, Hope for Jerusalem

Author: Edward Hoare

Release date: August 3, 2016 [eBook #52712]

Language: English

Credits: Transcribed from the [1878] (second) Hatchards edition by David Price

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE TWO TREATIES; OR, HOPE FOR JERUSALEM ***

Transcribed from the [1878] (second) Hatchards edition by David Price, email ccx074@pglaf.org

THE TWO TREATIES;

OR,
HOPE FOR JERUSALEM.

AN ADDRESS
BY THE
REV. E. HOARE, M.A.

Vicar of Trinity; Tunbridge Wells, and Hon. Canon of Canterbury.

[SECOND EDITION.]

LONDON:
HATCHARDS, PICCADILLY.

TUNBRIDGE WELLS:
HENRY S. COLBRAN, 9, CALVERLEY ROAD,
NEAR THE TOWN HALL.

THE TWO TREATIES.

We meet to-day under a sense of profound thanksgiving.  With the rest of the nation we have been praying for a righteous peace; and now we trust that through God’s great, and abounding, mercy, such a peace has been secured.  In all probability very few persons are altogether satisfied.  There are very few who would not wish to have some of the conditions changed.  But in the midst of so many conflicting interests it was not to be expected that any one nation should have its own way in every point; so that we have to be most heartily thankful to God that the Congress has dispersed without a conflict; that England is not involved in war; and that Europe is free to devote its energies to the extension of commerce, and the promotion of goodwill amongst mankind.  May God bless the peace that has been established, and enable his people in a thankful spirit to avail themselves of it for the circulation of his Word, the spread of his Gospel, the promotion of his kingdom, and the glory of his name!

But thanksgiving is not the only duty of the day, for the two treaties now concluded involve consequences of such great importance that they ought to awaken in all our minds the deepest interest, and the most earnest expectation.  To the student of the Prophetic Scriptures they assume an importance altogether unequalled by any event in modern history; I might almost say; by any event since the Siege of Jerusalem.  We are taught in many places of Scripture that the people of God will not be taken by surprise by the great events of the latter days; but that there will be certain predicted signs which may be understood beforehand by those who study them.  Thus in Matthew xxiv. our Lord teaches us that there will be such signs as will indicate the nearness of his return as distinctly as the budding of the fig tree assures us of the approach of summer.  When we see the fig tree budding in spring we know that summer is at hand, and so when we see these predicted signs we are to conclude without a doubt that the great deliverance is near.  Nor are we to wait until the signs are fully developed, or have passed into the region of history, but we are to look out for their beginnings, as our Lord said, “when these things begin to come to pass then look up, and lift up your heads, for your redemption draweth nigh.”  Now I cannot help believing that the conclusion of these two treaties is at all events amongst the beginnings.  I believe that the fig tree is beginning to bud, and that, if it be, it is high time for us to be looking out for the summer.  Let us endeavour then to consider, first, what we actually see; and secondly, what we may anticipate as the not improbable consequence of the great events that have taken place.

I.  First then, WHAT DO WE SEE?

Do we not see the complete, and, as far as man can judge, the final overthrow of the uncontrolled dominion of the Ottoman Empire?  The result of the Berlin treaty is that, although the form is preserved, the dominant power of the Ottoman Empire is at an end.

Look first at Europe as re-arranged by the treaty of Berlin.  If you compare the new map of Turkey in Europe with the map before the commencement of the war you will find that it is not one third of the size.  Montenegro, Servia, and Roumania are no longer tributary States; Bulgaria north of the Balkans is independent of Turkey; Bosnia and Herzegovina are virtually transferred to Austria; and a considerable portion of Thessaly is handed over to Greece.  Then again the position of the remnant that is left is entirely changed.  The New Roumelia is to have an independent administration.  The remainder of Thessaly, Thrace, Macedonia, and Crete, are all to be placed under constitutional government, to be arranged with the concurrence of the great powers of Europe.  The power to oppress is therefore at an end, and as far as man can judge, for ever.  The Ottoman was let loose from the Euphrates as a scourge on Apostate Christendom.  He has done his work, though not for God’s glory, and is now laid aside by the same hand that raised him up.  He was appointed for a given time, and a given work, but now that time is expired, that work is done, and he is wasting under his predicted doom.

But how is it in Asia?  Let the treaty between the Porte and England answer the question.  In that treaty, and in the letter of the Secretary of State explaining its object, there is the clear recognition of the complete defencelessness of the Turkish Empire.  The treaty was made because there was no power of self defence left in the Ottoman, or in other words, because the Euphratean flood was almost dry.

The very existence of the treaty is therefore a proof that the power of self-support is gone.  But that is not all, or nearly so.  According to the treaty, England makes itself responsible for a complete reform in Turkish administration.  Turkey in Asia is henceforth to be governed, if not as an English protectorate, at all events under English counsel.  Is it possible to imagine a greater proof of Turkish decay?  If there were any life left, would the haughty Turk submit to such conditions?  If he did not know that he was helpless, would he ever have consented to such terms?  The conditions of the treaty are a self-evident proof of his loss of power.  But that is not all; for is it possible to suppose that England will be responsible for the continuation of Turkish misrule?  Is it likely that England will hold those treaty powers, and not use them?  Is it to be supposed for one moment that we have undertaken the responsibilities, and are now going to look on as passive spectators on all the corruptions of the past misgovernment?  But if England secures a complete reform the days of the misrule of Turkish Pashas are numbered.  The death warrant of the whole system is signed and sealed, and the fault will rest with England if Turkey in Asia is not in a very short time virtually free.

Now these are the indisputable facts of the case; the undoubted results of the two treaties; and the remarkable fact is that these results are exactly such as the students of prophecy have been predicting for many years.  From one prophecy they have foretold for years that there must be a decay of the Ottoman Empire simultaneous with the loss of the temporal power of the Pope, [7a] and now we see their words come true.  From another prophecy they have believed that the decay of the Ottoman power is represented in symbol by the drying up of the Euphratean flood, so that the Ottoman must recede from his conquests just as the waters of a flood recede from the land over which there has been an overflow, [7b] and this is the process which we are now witnessing.  From Europe the waters are almost, if not entirely, gone, so that Europe is practically dry.  And as for Asia, the waters there have become so shallow that the Englishman, we hope, will walk through them and scarcely wet his feet.  I am well aware that some people have felt a difficulty in applying the symbol of the Euphratean overflow to the Ottoman invasion, and I am quite prepared to acknowledge that there is a great uncertainty about the interpretation of all symbolic prophecies; but one thing we must all admit, that if we are right in our interpretation of the symbol, we see in these two treaties the most remarkable fulfilment of the prophecy.  We see the drying up going on in our own days and under our own eyes; so that we have this day a fresh evidence conspicuous before the world of the divine inspiration of God’s holy word, of the truth of the prophetic scriptures, and of the sovereignty of God over the mightiest nations of the world.  Sceptics may doubt, and infidels may scoff; but we see that God’s word is from himself.  What he has predicted, that is coming to pass, and, though the time appointed has been long, we see in the great facts of our own day that the word of God’s prophecy is true.

II.  We may proceed then to consider WHAT WE MAY ANTICIPATE AS THE PROBABLE CONSEQUENCE OF ALL THAT HAS TAKEN PLACE.

When our Lord spoke those words referred to in St. Matthew, he was clearly speaking of the second Advent; but the events which we are now witnessing are not the same as those described in that chapter, and therefore we cannot regard them as the predicted signs of that glorious appearing.  But there is another great event foretold in prophecy, which many of us believe must take place before the Advent, and for that event I cannot but hope that these two treaties will rapidly prepare the way.  I mean the return of the Jews and the ten tribes to Palestine.

If we turn to the prophecy respecting the drying up of the Euphrates in Rev. xvi. 12, we find that it will be dried up in order that “the way of the kings of the East may be prepared.”  That expression “the kings of the East” does not mean the kings now reigning in the East, but it does mean the kings who are to come up from the East.  So that the full meaning of the text would be given if we were to render it “that the way of the kings might be prepared from the East!”  The persons referred to are kings by birthright, though they are far away in the East instead of in their own home; but when the Euphrates is dried up a way will be made for their return.  Who then are those kings?  And what nation is it that God has chosen to royalty?  Turn to Exod. xix. 6, and there you read of Israel, “Ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests;” the meaning of which expression is explained by St. Peter’s quotation of it, in which he substitutes the words “A royal priesthood.”  Surely then it is not altogether unreasonable to believe that the priests of that royal priesthood may be the kings referred to, and that a way will be prepared for their return by the drying up of the Euphrates, or the wasting of the Turkish power.

The same conclusion may be drawn from the words of our blessed Saviour in Luke xxi. 24, “Jerusalem shall be trodden down of the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled.”  Those words most clearly teach us that Jerusalem is to be trodden down for a time, but they no less clearly imply that it will be for a time only, and that it will be restored when the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled.  By whom then is Jerusalem now trodden down?  Who is it that is at the present day treading down the captive city?  There can be no doubt as to the answer.  It is the Turk that is the treader down of Jerusalem.  It is the Ottoman power that holds it under foot.  It is the Euphratean flood that has overwhelmed it; and if so, is it not an obvious conclusion that the fall of Turkey is likely to be the rise of Jerusalem, and that Turkish decay is the harbinger of the Jew’s prosperity?  When therefore we see the waste of Turkey, and witness the receding of the waters, we see in that waste the budding of the fig tree; and, as believers in God’s word, we are taught by the prophetic Scriptures to look out for the outburst of the summer in all its glory on Palestine.

But now turn to the treaty with Turkey, and see how it bears on the prospects of Israel.  Look at it well, and consider whether it may not be regarded as the budding of the Jewish fig tree.

According to that treaty Turkey in Asia is placed under what approaches to an English protectorate, and one of the principal covenants is that England shall in future have a voice in its government.  Now think for a moment of the vast importance of that part of Turkey in Asia now called Syria, and consider whether there is any plot of land on the face of the globe that is of more importance to the commerce of the world.  On the S.W. it reaches down to the isthmus of Suez, through which the traffic between the Eastern and Western hemispheres is now passing like the sand through the narrow neck of an hour glass.  The result is that any powerful nation holding Syria would have the power of interrupting the greater part of the trade of the world.  Then on the East and North East it is bounded by the valley of the Euphrates, which is almost certain before long to become the line of Railroad from Europe to India.  That country therefore, though not much above 400 miles from North to South, commands the two great highways between the Eastern and Western hemispheres.  Any powerful nation holding Syria will command both those communications between Europe and the East.  Can we then believe it possible that England, now having the right of interference, will leave that most important country to the miserable maladministration of six Turkish Pashas?  Can we doubt for a moment that the first object of this Country will be to secure for Syria a Government so firm, so just, and so trustworthy, that it may give security to life and property?  Is it not next to certain that those who have made this treaty will do their utmost to secure through its means an efficient administration for a district of such vast importance?  But if they succeed, what will be the effect of such a government?  Will it not immediately attract thither both capital and enterprise?  As things are now, nothing can prosper, because there is no security.  If people grow a crop they cannot be confident that they will ever enjoy the fruit.  If it is not plundered by the Bedouin, it is too often seized by the Pasha.  So that one of our Missionaries writes—“The inhabitants of Palestine are becoming poorer every year.  This is especially the case with the cultivators of the soil, who mostly suffer the burden of a cruel and grasping system of taxation, now doubled on account of the Russian war.”  But if there were a good government all would be changed.  Then he that planted the vineyard might eat the fruit thereof, and he that tilled the soil might calculate on the produce of his labour.  And this is the change that we may expect to see very quickly brought about by England.  This I trust before many months are passed will be the blessed result of our country’s use of her new treaty rights.

But we have not yet done with Syria, for there is this peculiar interest attached to it, that it is the very country which God gave to Abraham.  The boundaries are almost exactly the same.  Take the map of Syria, and compare it with the promise originally given to Abraham.  Look at Israel’s title deeds as recorded in Gen. xv. 18.—“Unto thy seed have I given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates.”  And see how this title deed was afterwards ratified through Moses; (Deut. xi. 24.) the only difference being that he draws his line from East to West, instead of from North East to South West, and so speaks of the Mediterranean as the Western boundary.  “Every place whereon the soles of your foot shall tread shall be yours: from the wilderness and Lebanon, from the river, the river Euphrates, even unto the uttermost Sea shall your coast be.”  That most important district is therefore the very district given by God to the seed of Abraham more than 3000 years ago.  It belongs therefore to the house of Israel.  It is their own, and why should they not return?  People say they would not return if they could, and I have no doubt that of a great number that is perfectly true.  I have no doubt that it would be with many Jews in respect of Palestine, just as it is with thousands of Gentiles in respect of eternal life.  How many are there who have life and restoration offered them in Christ Jesus, but who are altogether indifferent to the offer?  So doubtless it will be with multitudes of the house of Israel when the Jubilee trumpet is blown.  The return may be proclaimed as that from Babylon was proclaimed in the edict of Cyrus, but none will respond but those whose spirit God will have raised.  But how many are there in Russia, in Poland, in Hungary, in Roumania, in Arabia, and amongst God’s hidden ones throughout the world, who look on Palestine as the long lost home of their fathers, and who are crying and sighing for the recovery of Jerusalem!  And why should not they hasten there as soon as Palestine is safe?  They have all that is required, the capital and the enterprise.  They hold the title deeds of Palestine, and they are only strangers amongst the people where they are scattered.  What then is there to delay their return as soon as a righteous government is established?  It is of no use for them to go there now.  If they were to take their silver and their gold with them now the probability is that they would soon lose it through either plunder or taxation.  But let England put forth her power, and establish with a strong hand a Government that may be trusted, and before many months are passed we may see the fulfilment of the prophecy recorded in Isaiah lx. 8, 9.—“Who are these that fly as a cloud, and as the doves to their windows?  Surely the isles shall wait for me, and the ships of Tarshish first, to bring thy sons from far, their silver and their gold with them, unto the name of the Lord thy God, and to the Holy One of Israel, for he hath glorified thee.”

But if such should be the case, how wonderful are the times in which we live!  It is 2600 years since that prophecy was given by God through Isaiah, but hitherto there has not been a sign of its fulfilment.  How marvellous it would be if we, or even our children, should actually witness its accomplishment!

It is 2500 years since Israel was outcast, and 1800 years since Judah was dispersed.  During those periods, the four great predicted empires have risen and fallen; but there has been no movement yet for the restoration of the Jews.  On the day of the Ascension the Apostles asked when the kingdom should be restored to Israel, and the Lord Jesus answered that it was not for them to know the time.  Ever since that day believers have been waiting for it, assured that it would be, but unable to calculate the date; but now, not only do we seem to be on the verge of the return, for it is perfectly clear that the way is likely to be opened for it as it has never been since the dispersion, but it seems not improbable that our own dear country may be God’s chosen instrument in its accomplishment.  It seems indeed not impossible that England, and England’s Queen, may be the persons referred to in that other prophecy, Isaiah xlix. 22, “Behold I will lift up my hand to the Gentiles, and set up my standard to the people: and they shall bring thy sons in their arms, and thy daughters shall be carried upon their shoulders.  And kings shall be thy nursing fathers, and their Queens thy nursing mothers.”

But we must look farther still, and the eye must reach even beyond the return of Israel.  There are many ready to say that they do not care much whether the Jews are restored or not, for it will make very little difference to them.  But we must remember that the return of the Jews will be but the beginning of the end, for there are far greater blessings beyond.  We must never forget the promise in Psalm cii. 16, “When the Lord shall build up Zion He shall appear in His glory.”  There cannot be a doubt that the return of the Jews and the coming of the Lord are most intimately connected in the Word of God.  Every thing therefore that affects the Jews affects more or less our hope of seeing HIM.  When we see them in Palestine we may begin to look out for his appearing.  When they are in Zion we may hope that HE will soon come there to reign.  Oh! what a summer will that be, “when the Sun of Righteousness shall arise with healing in His wings,” when “the sun shall be ashamed, and the moon confounded, when the Lord of Hosts shall reign in Mount Zion, and before his ancients gloriously!”  What a multitude of overpowering thoughts are presented to us if we trust we see in our own day even though it be nothing more than what we think may prove to be the first budding of the Jewish fig tree!  It may be only the first budding, and there may still be a great deal to follow before we gather the fruit. [15]  But if there is a bud at all there is enough in it to fill our hearts with holy hope, and to remind us of the words of our Lord—“When these things begin to come to pass then look up and lift up your heads, for your redemption draweth nigh.”

HENRY S. COLBRAN, PRINTER, TUNBRIDGE WELLS.

BY THE SAME AUTHOR.

ROME, TURKEY, & JERUSALEM.

17th Thousand.  16mo. cloth, 1s. 6d.; paper cover, 1s.

PALESTINE & RUSSIA.

5th Thousand.  16mo. cloth.  1s. 6d.; paper cover, 1s.

JUST PUBLISHED.

REDEMPTION.

A Companion Volume to Sanctification.

In square fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

SANCTIFICATION.

Third edition.  In square fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

DOCTRINE OF THE LORD’S SUPPER,

As Taught by the Church of England.  Fcap. 8vo. sewed, 6d.

ALSO

CONFORMITY TO THE WORLD.

New Edition, revised.  16mo. cloth., 1s. 6d.: paper cover, 1s.

INSPIRATION: ITS NATURE AND EXTENT.

New Edition, revised.  16mo. cloth, 1s. 6d.; paper cover, 1s.

THE COMMUNION AND COMMUNICANT.

New Cheap Edition, revised and enlarged.

18mo. sewed, 3d.; or 2s. 6d. per dozen.

BAPTISM,

As Taught in the Bible and Prayer-book.

Sixth Edition.  Fcap. 8vo. sewed, 4d.

By the late MRS. E. HOARE.

THE CHRISTIAN MOTHER;

OR,

NOTES FOR MOTHERS’ MEETINGS.

Second Edition. 1s.

FOOTNOTES.

[7a]  See Faber on the Prophecies.

[7b]  See Rome, Turkey, and Jerusalem.

[15] See Palestine and Russia.

*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE TWO TREATIES; OR, HOPE FOR JERUSALEM ***

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.

START: FULL LICENSE

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE

PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works

1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works provided that:

- • You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.”

- • You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works.

- • You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work.

- • You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™

Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works

Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.

Table of Contents

- THE TWO TREATIES;

- THE TWO TREATIES.

- I. First then, WHAT DO WE SEE?

- II. We may proceed then to consider WHAT WE MAY ANTICIPATE AS THE PROBABLE CONSEQUENCE OF ALL THAT HAS TAKEN PLACE.

- JUST PUBLISHED.

- ALSO

- FOOTNOTES.

- THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE