Grotesque architecture; or, rural amusement / consisting of plans, elevations, and sections, for huts, retreats, summer and winter hermitages, terminaries, Chinese, Gothic, and natural grottos, cascad
Date: 2022-11-24T00:00:00+00:00
Keywords: Architecture; Domestic -- Designs and plans

The Project Gutenberg eBook of Grotesque architecture; or, rural amusement

This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

Title: Grotesque architecture; or, rural amusement

Author: William Wrighte

Release date: November 24, 2022 [eBook #69417]

Language: English

Original publication: United Kingdom: J. Taylor, 1815

Credits: Chris Curnow, David Wilson and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GROTESQUE ARCHITECTURE; OR, RURAL AMUSEMENT ***

[frontispiece]
Frontispiece.

A. Thornthwaite invt. Isaac Taylor ſculp.

Where Severn, Trent, or Thames’s Ouzy side
Pours the smooth Current of their easy Tide,
Each will require a sameneſs to the Spot,
For this a Cell, a Cascade or a Grot;

The Moſs, or gliding Streams productive Store,

To grace the Building on the Verdant Shore,
There the rough Tuscan, or the Rustic fix,
Or Pebbles, Shells, or calcin’d Matter mix,
The frozen Isicles resembled form,
Or Sea-green Weed your Grotto must adorn.

Art of Architecture, a Poem.

[title page]
GROTESQUE ARCHITECTURE;
OR,
RURAL AMUSEMENT:

CONSISTING OF
PLANS, ELEVATIONS, AND SECTIONS,
FOR
HUTS, RETREATS, SUMMER AND WINTER HERMITAGES,
TERMINARIES,
CHINESE, GOTHIC, AND NATURAL GROTTOS,
CASCADES, BATHS, MOSQUES, MORESQUE PAVILIONS,
GROTESQUE AND RUSTIC SEATS, GREEN-HOUSES, &c.

Many of which may be executed with
Flints, Irregular Stones, Rude Branches, and
Roots of Trees.

THE WHOLE CONTAINING
TWENTY-EIGHT NEW DESIGNS,
WITH SCALES TO EACH.

TO WHICH IS ADDED,
AN EXPLANATION,
WITH THE METHOD OF EXECUTING THEM.

By WILLIAM WRIGHTE, Architect.

A NEW EDITION.

LONDON:
Printed by W. Stratford, Crown-Court, Temple-Bar; for
J. TAYLOR,
AT THE ARCHITECTURAL LIBRARY, NO. 59, HIGH HOLBORN.

1815.

[p3]
GROTESQUE ARCHITECTURE.

PLATE I.

Plan and elevation of a hut, to be built with trunks of trees and irregular timber. The inside walls may be lined with moss, and covered on the top with thatch. It is intended to represent the primitive state of the Doric Order, and is proper to be placed at the entrance of a wood, or on the top of a small eminence. The dimensions are figured on the plan.

PLATE II.

Plan and elevation of an hermetic retreat, to be composed of roots and irregular branches of trees, cemented together with a strong binding clay, and may be thatched or covered with branches of trees twined round with ivy. The dimensions are figured on the plan.

PLATE III.

Elevation of an hermit’s cell, with rustic seats attached, eight feet square in the inside, which should be situated in a rising wood near some running water, to be built partly of large stones and trunks of trees, set round with ivy, and lined with rushes, &c. The roof should be covered with thatch, and the floor paved with small pebble stones or cockle shells. The seats attached are intended to be composed of large irregular stones, roots of trees, &c.

PLATE IV.

Plan and elevation for an hermitage, in the eastern style, supposed to be built round a tree which supports its roof; over the door is a tablet, with an Arabic inscription; the roof is covered with thatch, in the Chinese taste; the inside to be lined with billet wood and moss. It is lighted from the lanterns above. A. should be a couch; B. C. are seats of retirement. The dimensions are figured in the plan. The rustic seats on the side are intended to be composed of large rough stones and roots of pollard trees cemented together.

[p4]
PLATE V.

Plan and elevation of a winter hermitage, intended as a retirement from hunting, fowling, or any other winter amusement; the walls to be built of flints or rough stones, and lined with wood or other warm substance intermixed with moss, and should be situated on a rising ground planted with evergreens.

PLATE VI.

Plan and elevation of a summer hermitage, designed to be in a wilderness or thick wood; the walls to be composed of large stones, and the ends faced with flints; the roof covered with thatch, and an owl carved on the top; the floor should be paved with sheeps marrow-bones placed upright, or any other pretty devices intermixed with them. A. is for a couch; B. C. are seats of retirement.

PLATE VII.

Plan and elevation of an hermitage in the Augustine style; the front is ornamented with a portico of palm trees; in the pediment is a scull, and a tablet with an inscription. A. A. are passages of evergreens leading to the two circular retreats, one of which is intended as a library, and the other a bath; the tops of them are intended to be thatched; b b b. are niches for seats cut in the evergreens. This design is calculated to be built on a small verdant amphitheatre, near a murmuring stream, and as a proper retreat from the fatigues of a sultry day.

PLATE VIII.

A plan, half an elevation, and half a section, of a rural circular hermitage, designed for an open situation near some rivulet, planted with weeping willows, &c. The inside is lighted by a gazebo, supported by eight trunks of trees twined about with ivy. The dimensions are figured on the plan.

PLATE IX.

Plan, elevation, and section, of a grotto in a modern architectonic style, ornamented with jet d’eaux, sea weeds, looking-glass, fountains, and other grotesque decorations. The dimensions may be known by the scale and the figures on the plan.

PLATE X.

Plan and elevation of a Gothic grotto, with four closets five feet square; the outside to be composed of flints and irregular stones, and studded with small pebbles; the inside to be ornamented with shells, ores, &c. and if built upon an eminence, it would have a very pleasing appearance.

[p5]
PLATE XI.

Plan and elevation of an open Chinese grotto, to be placed at the head of a grand canal, with a bath (A), and a Chinese temple (B), attached; the arcades to be ice or frosted work; the outside of the bath and temple to be ornamented with beautiful shells in the Mosaic taste; the inside to be groined over, as on the plan, and ornamented with shell-work and other beautiful incrustations. The whole extent is 75 feet.

PLATE XII.

Plan and measures to plate xiii. and xiv.

PLATE XIII.

Elevation of a Gothic grotto, with cascades and wings attached (see the plan, plate xii.) The entrance is a saloon of 20 feet square; the angles are couped with off niches, where grotesque statues or vases should be placed. It is intended to have a fountain in the centre, with antique figures spouting out water; the walls should be lined with flints, decorated with ice-work; the whole is lighted from a gazebo on the top. A. B. are the plans of the two wings or repositories, which are each descended to by a flight of four steps. A. is intended to be ornamented with curious shells, gems, coral, &c. with statues in the niches. B. is to be groined over in the Gothic manner, with a pier in the centre to be lined with flints, intermixed with shells, looking-glass, &c. The groins should be incrusted with frosted work, in the manner of dropping icicles. Both these wings are lighted from the rose arches, as appears in the elevation; the outside to be composed of rough stones incrusted and studded with pebbles, shells, &c. There are placed in the recesses Gothic figures. The situation should be in some retired copse, shaded by an adjacent hill, near some murmuring rivulet, where the cascades, or rather fountains, as in the design, may be easily effected. The measures are marked on the plan.

PLATE XIV.

Elevation of a rural grotto (see the plan, plate xii.) which should be built of large rough stones rudely put together, so that the building may as near as possible imitate the beautiful appearance of nature. If the dome was to be richly ornamented with pendentive shell and frosted work, it would look very elegant. In the middle niche is Neptune on a rock, pouring out water, which descends under the pavement through an arch, and forms a running stream. The side niches are ornamented with satyrs and other grotesque figures. The situation should be in a morass, near some water.

[p6]
PLATE XV.

A design for a cascade or cataract of a great fall of water, decorated with rock-work, sea lions pouring out fountains of water; and a triton by way of embellishment, in the centre.

PLATE XVI.

A design for a triumphal cascade of four falls of water. If care is taken to erect this arch with rude and irregular flints, &c. at the same time paying a due observance to nature, it will have a very magnificent appearance, and look extremely elegant; and would be a superb ornament in a nobleman’s park where there is a great supply of water.

PLATE XVII.

A grotto, canal, and cascade, decorated with rock-work, tritons, sybils, &c. pouring forth fountains of water. The author hopes he may be indulged with observing, that he hath with great pleasure seen a fine piece of water in the park of the Earl of Essex, at Cashiobury, near Watford, Herts, and flatters himself, that if the arch in this design, on which the triton is placed, was to be executed there in the nature of a bridge, it would have a very magnificent and pleasing appearance.

PLATE XVIII.

A romantic bridge, or a cascade of three sheets of water, descending through arches of artificial rock-work, incrusted with shells, corals, sea-weed, moss, &c. and two sea gods lying on their oozy couch, pouring out water.

PLATE XIX.

Plan and elevation of a rustic seat for a garden or park, intended to terminate a view. It would look very pretty if it was built with flints, or irregular rude branches and roots of trees.

PLATE XX.

Plan and elevation for a grotesque or rural bath, very proper to be built in gardens, &c. for the benefit of bathing. It is intended to have three seats within, by way of closets, for the convenience of dressing and undressing. If the water in the plan be left out, it will look very pleasing as a rural hut.

PLATE XXI.

Plan and elevation of a rural mosque with minarets. It is divided into an octagon saloon, supported by eight columns, lighted from the dome. The other apartments are four regular small rooms or closets, which will serve for various [p7] purposes. The minarets are placed in the plan by way of ornament, to shew the true taste of the Turkish buildings; and the singularity of the style of architecture is such, that will render it a very pleasing ornament, if executed in a pleasure ground, or upon an elevated verdant amphitheatre. It may be built of wood, and stuccoed; the inside should be painted with various rich colours, which would have a pleasing and elegant appearance. The dome is supported by irregular branches of trees, well connected and cramped together. The minarets should be solid, and the pedestals (A. B.) should be decorated with Arabic inscriptions. For a more intelligible and historical account of these buildings, I must refer the reader to Dr. Shaw’s Account of Barbary, Le Brun and Tournefort’s Voyage to the Levant, &c.

PLATE XXII.

Plan and elevation of a circular mosque twenty feet diameter, with four cabinets attached, eight feet square; two of which may serve for entrances, having each a small fountain, five feet diameter; the other two may be for the purposes of study or use. The four minarets at the angles bring the plan upon the square of forty feet. The cabinets, as well as the mosque, are crowned with domes, which should be gilt on the outside. The great dome is supported by eight columns, over which are groined arches; an iron balustrade runs round the outside, which may be painted blue, and gilt; on the top of the great dome is a light cupola, supported by eight small columns, from whence hangs a chandelier to light the inside when required. The other decorations may be seen in the section, plate xxiv.

PLATE XXIII.

Plan and elevation for another mosque, with two minarets attached to the body of the building, which may be executed in brick of 14 inches thickness. The front is a portico of four columns, in the oriental style, in the centre of which is a fountain for sabateons; which may be seen in the section, plate xxiv. The niches in the front should have Arabic inscriptions in gold letters. The portico is covered with three little domes, in the Turkish manner, ornamented with crescents, &c. The inside is lighted from the circular windows and little arches above, which support the dome. For the interior decoration, see the section, plate xxiv. It would look very beautiful if built on an open lawn, planted round with a few cypress or other exotic trees. The dimensions are figured on the plan.

[p8]
PLATE XXIV.

Sections and scales to plates xxii. and xxiii.

PLATE XXV.

Two plans of moresque temples to plates xxvi. and xxvii. with their proper measures.

PLATE XXVI.

Elevation of a beautiful moresque temple (see the plan, plate xxv.) The coupled columns support an arcade of intersecting semi-ellipses, which goes quite round the temple. In the spandrells are Moors heads, with crescents, roses, and stars, over which is a parapet balustrade of net or lattice-work. The body of the temple is 20 feet diameter, crowned with an open lantern, from whence it is lighted; the outside of which is adorned with stars of glass of an azure ground. On the top is a pine, which should be double gilt; and if the outside was covered with a glossy substance, it would have a very pleasing and magnificent appearance. The style of architecture is a medium between the Chinese and Gothic, having neither the levity of the former nor the gravity of the latter. The particularities of both this and the following design are taken from those famous remains of barbarian antiquity, the palace of Alhambra, at Granada, the ancient moresque mosque at Cordova, the old cassavee or palace of the Moorish kings at Mæquanez; for the accounts of which the reader is referred to Willughbuy’s Travels into Spain, Ockley’s Account of South or West Barbary, and Shaw’s Travels to the Levant.

PLATE XXVII.

Elevation of a moresque pavilion (see the plan, plate xxv.) in the style of the ancient Moors, raised on three steps. Over the arches are Moors heads and festoons. In the middle is a circular or geometrical staircase, leading to the top, or balustrade. It is crowned with a square cupola, mounted with a moresque standard; and is very proper to be built on an eminence to command an extensive view.

PLATE XXVIII.

Plan and elevation for a green-house of the grotesque kind, faced with flints and irregular stones. The dimensions may be found by the scale.

W. Stratford, Printer, Crown-Court, Temple-Bar.

Plate 1.

Description

Pl. 2.

Description

Pl. 3.

Description

Pl. 4.

Description

Pl. 5.

Description

Pl. 6.

Description

Pl. 7.

Description

Pl. 8.

Description

Pl. 9.

Description

Pl. 10.

Description

Pl. 11.

Description

Pl. 12.

Description

Pl. 13.

Description

Pl. 14.

Description

Pl. 15.

Description

Pl. 16.

Description

Pl. 17.

Description

Pl. 18.

Description

Pl. 19.

Description

Pl. 20.

Description

Pl. 21.

Description

Pl. 22.

Description

Pl. 23.

Description

Pl. 24.

Description

Pl. 25.

Description

Pl. 26.

Description

Pl. 27.

Description

Pl. 28.

Description

Transcriber’s Note

Inconsistent spelling (icicles/isicles, pavilion/pavillion) and hyphenation (sea-weed/sea weed) retained.

*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GROTESQUE ARCHITECTURE; OR, RURAL AMUSEMENT ***

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.

START: FULL LICENSE

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE

PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works

1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works provided that:

- • You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.”

- • You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works.

- • You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work.

- • You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™

Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works

Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.

Table of Contents

- Grotesque Architecture

- Plate I.

- Plate II.

- Plate III.

- Plate IV.

- Plate V.

- Plate VI.

- Plate VII.

- Plate VIII.

- Plate IX.

- Plate X.

- Plate XI.

- Plate XII.

- Plate XIII.

- Plate XIV.

- Plate XV.

- Plate XVI.

- Plate XVII.

- Plate XVIII.

- Plate XIX.

- Plate XX.

- Plate XXI.

- Plate XXII.

- Plate XXIII.

- Plate XXIV.

- Plate XXV.

- Plate XXVI.

- Plate XXVII.

- Plate XXVIII.

- Transcriber’s Note

- THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE